Volume 2 (2025)

Issue 1, Volume 2 (2025)

Vol. 2 No. 1-6: Assessment of Knowledge and Preventive Behaviours Regarding Cholera among School Students in Latakia, Syria

By: Mahdi Abed Neamah AL Musawi1*, Frial Mahmoud Nizamli2, Roqia Khairallah Muzhir3, Huda Shawky Mahmud4
1Department of Nursing, University of Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq.
2Department of Nursing, University of Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq.
3College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
4Pediatric Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Hilla, Babylon, Iraq

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2025.0106

Abstract

Background: Cholera remains a global health hazard and a sign of underdevelopment in many countries. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and preventive behaviours of school students towards cholera in Latakia after a recent outbreak. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. The study included 150 participants aged 13-15 years. Data was collected from March to April 2024 at Ghassan Zwan school in Latakia. The questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. Results: Based on the percentage mean, the students’ knowledge and preventive behaviours scale would be categorized into three levels: <30% considered inadequate, 30-70% considered adequate, and >70% considered good. The majority of the participants demonstrated adequate knowledge (66.75%) and good preventive behaviour (78.91%) toward cholera. There is a difference in knowledge between male and female participants. Conclusion: enhanced knowledge and preventive behaviour levels play an essential role in reducing the prevalence rate during an outbreak. Further research on the preventive behaviours of cholera among primary school pupils is recommended.

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Issue 1, Volume 2 (2025)

Vol. 2 No. 1-5: Evaluation of quality of life after Endo-Venous Radio-Frequency Ablation Procedure for the treatment of varicose vein

By: Ahmed Ali Al-Mashhadani1, Saud Kadhim Abbas2 , Husam Al-hraishawi3*, Qais alkhalil4
1Surgery Department, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Iraq.
2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq.
3* Department of Physiology, College of Medical, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq.
4Surgery Department, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Iraq

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2025.0105

Abstract

Backgrounds: Varicose veins are a common medical condition characterized by the dilation and tortuosity of the superficial venous system, primarily affecting the lower extremities. Aim: The study investigates the quality of life and the side effects experienced by patients undergoing varicose vein surgeries. Methods: a sample size of 130 patients. Data were collected during the first week post-surgery and after 30 days for some side effects and for one year for other side effects, employing statistical analysis through SPSS and Excel for visual representation. Results: The findings reveal significant changes in various health indicators over time, including paresthesia, occlusion, recurrence, redness, skin changes, thrombophlebitis, and ecchymosis. The study also found a decrease in patient satisfaction and quality of life over the study period. There were no differences in cellulitis over the study period. Discussion: The main outcomes of the Varicose Vein Surgery Study included changes in health status and the side effects of varicose vein patients over a one-year follow-up period. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and improving nursing care to enhance the quality of life for patients post-surgery.

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Issue 1, Volume 2 (2025)

Vol. 2 No. 1-4: The Influence of Social Media on Type 1 Diabetes Control in Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

By: Jabbar J. Atia 1, Ishraq J. Hasan2, Sadeq Obayes Kadhim 3*
1 Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq.
2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
3 * Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan.

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2025.0104

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels and inflammation, posing a significant health threat in the 21st century. Social media platforms have emerged as valuable resources for disseminating health information, enhancing management practices, and improving glycemic control, especially through prolonged patient-physician contact.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Iraq to investigate the role of social media in achieving glycemic control among T1D patients. Participants were recruited through local health centres and social media platforms. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, including demographic information, diabetes management practices, and social media usage patterns. Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels.
Results:  The mean age of the patients was 19.8 ± 9.9 years, with a slight female predominance. WhatsApp was the most commonly used social media platform (utilized by 279 patients), followed by Facebook (272 patients). Of the total cohort, 77% (286 patients) used social media in addition to private clinic visits, while 23% (85 patients) did not. A decrease in HbA1c levels was observed in 292 patients, with 250 achieving target levels. The majority of patients (226) had a physician-patient contact duration of over one year.
Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that social media can support diabetes management as well as improve glycemic control. The accessibility of information and peer support on these platforms can enhance patient engagement and adherence to treatment protocols. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impacts of social media use on patient adherence and diabetes outcomes.

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Issue 1, Volume 2 (2025)

Vol. 2 No. 1-3: Understanding Kidney Health: Physiology, Diagnostic Markers, and Pathological Conditions

By: Kenz Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2025.0103

Abstract

The kidney is a vital organ responsible for several essential functions, including waste elimination, fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure regulation, and hormone production. Structurally, it consists of the cortex and medulla, with nephrons as the fundamental functional units responsible for plasma filtration and homeostasis maintenance. The kidney plays a crucial role in metabolic processes, with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as a key indicator of renal function. Various biochemical markers, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, sodium, and potassium, are used to assess kidney health and diagnose potential disorders. Kidney stone formation, a common disorder, results from the supersaturation of minerals in urine, leading to different types of calculi such as calcium oxalate, uric acid, and struvite stones. Advanced diagnostic techniques, including imaging and biochemical assays, aid in assessing kidney health and guiding treatment strategies. Understanding kidney physiology and pathology is crucial for the early detection, management, and prevention of renal diseases.

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Issue 1, Volume 2 (2025)

Vol. 2 No. 1-2: Interleukin-6 levels in early and late rheumatoid arthritis: their comparison and correlation with clinical and laboratory indicators of disease activity.

By: Nada Hussein Abdelhakim1, Al Shimaa Mamdouh2 ,  Othman Ali Othman*1

1-Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division)-Faculty of Science- Minia University-61519 ElMinia –Egypt.

2-Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine Department -Faculty of Medicine -Minia University- ElMinia-Egypt

DOI:10.71428/BJBMB.2025.0102

Abstract

Background: An inflammatory condition called rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by persistent inflammation that damages the cartilage and joints. It can result in different levels of osteoarthritis and cause varying degrees of disability and it has been discovered that RA is significantly influenced by interleukin-6 (IL-6). As demonstrated by numerous clinical studies, Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, and the first-in-class IL-6 inhibitor, has demonstrated exceptional efficacy in RA.  Aim: We aimed to evaluate the level of IL-6 for prediction, diagnosis, and staging for rheumatoid arthritis patients, and reducing joint discomfort and swelling is the main goal of rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Material and methods: The study included 105 patients (aged 20 – 74 yr) divided into three groups. Group I: Involved 30 healthy controls, Group II: involved 15 patients with early RA, and Group III: involved 60 patients with late RA. Routine clinical tests such as Alt, Ast, Creatinine, Urea, Tlc, Hgb, Plt, RF, ESR, and CRP were assayed for all patients. In addition, serum Interleukin-6 levels were quantified using sandwich ELISA. The absolute values of investigated markers were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The mean IL-6 level was (8.75 ± 0.56 pg/ml), (17.76 ± 5.32 pg/ml) and (32.71 ± 10.08 pg/ml) for G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Our study found the levels of IL-6 in the serum of patients with late RA and early RA were extremely significant than the normal group (p=0.0001) Conclusion: IL-6 has a greater sensitivity and specificity than other inflammatory markers, making it useful for early detection of RA.

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Issue 1, Volume 2 (2025)

Vol. 2 No. 1-1: Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Cattle and Humans in Maysan Province, Southern Iraq

Hayder, K.  Abbood

Basic Medical Science Department / Nursing College / Missan University, Iraq

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2025.0101

Abstract

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious tick-borne zoonotic disease with significant public health concerns, particularly in regions like Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. In Iraq, sporadic outbreaks have been reported since 1979. This study examines the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CCHF in humans and livestock in Maysan Province, Southern Iraq, focusing on the connection between human and cattle infections.

The study utilized a retrospective approach, analyzing 34 human cases and 45 cattle infections through hospital records, patient interviews, and serological tests (ELISA). Results showed a higher prevalence among females (61.76%), with housewives being the most affected group (55.88%). Fever, body pain, and hemorrhagic symptoms were common. Cases peaked between May and August, mainly in Amarah District. In cattle, 84.44% tested positive for IgG antibodies, indicating past exposure, and 15.56% for IgM antibodies, suggesting recent infections. Tick density was notably higher in communal grazing areas, correlating with human infection hotspots.

 The study concludes that CCHF remains a significant threat in Maysan Province due to ecological and human-livestock interactions. Preventive strategies, including surveillance, public education, and tick control, are critical for reducing disease transmission. Further research is recommended to explore environmental and livestock roles in disease dynamics.

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