Volume 1 (2024)

Issue 1, Volume 1 (2024)

Vol. 1 No. 1-5: Role of Vitamin D in Diabetes Mellitus

Mahmoud Fadl1 , Mahmoud el-rehany2, Othman Ali1

1Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El-Minya, Egypt.

2Biochemistry Dept, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61519 El-Minya, Egypt

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2024.0105

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) also known as simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Other complications of diabetes are retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The human body is continuously exposed to different types of agents that result in the production of reactive species called free radicals (ROS/RNS) which cause the oxidation of cellular machinery. To encounter the deleterious effects of such species, the body has endogenous antioxidant systems or it obtains exogenous antioxidants from the diet that neutralizes such species and keeps the homeostasis of the body. Any imbalance between the RS and antioxidants leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is increased in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus Increased oxidative stress appears to be a deleterious factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and ultimately leading to T2DM. Approximately 30%-50% of people are recognized to have low levels of vitamin D, and insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D are recognized as global health problems worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the onset and progression of DM. The link of vitamin D with insulin insensitivity or abnormal glucose metabolism gained much more scientific attention in the last decade. Several observations or associations were cited exploring the possible role of altered vitamin D status and its metabolites or altered insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
The basic aim of this review was to summarize the basics of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and avoid it through Vit D administration.

Role of Vitamin D in Diabetes Mellitus

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Issue 1, Volume 1 (2024)

Vol. 1 No. 1-4: In SITU HYBRIDIZATION and immunohistochemical technique for Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) detection in Misan province breast cancer women

Alaa Shamikh Hassan1, Thaer Saleh Sabor Al-Omary2*, Saud Kadhim Abbas3

1Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq

   2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq

3Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2024.0104           

Abstract

Breast cancer continues to be the most common malignancy and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. Although conventional risk factors inadequately account for a considerable number of cases, recent findings associate viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), with the onset and advancement of breast cancer. This research examines the existence and function of EBV in breast cancer among women in Misan Province, Iraq. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) were employed to analyze 70 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tissue blocks, comprising 45 malignant and 25 non-malignant samples. The results indicated a prevalent incidence of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (93.3%) among malignant cases, with EBV EBER RNA signals identified in 62% of breast cancer samples against 10% in controls, demonstrating statistically significant differences (p < 0.04). Nuclear brown staining indicative of EBV was identified in 68% of cancer tissues using IHC. The data indicate a possible correlation between EBV infection and breast cancer, underscoring the necessity for additional research into its oncogenic mechanisms and implications for preventative and treatment approaches.

In SITU HYBRIDISATION and immunohistochemical technique for Ebstain Barr Virus (EBV) detection in Misan province breast cancer women

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Issue 1, Volume 1 (2024)

Vol. 1 No. 1-3: Study the Potential Role of Black cohosh Extract on Cancer Treatment

Ghufran, Isewid, (PhD)

            Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Qadisiyah University-Iraq

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2024.0103

Abstract

Background: International scientific recognition has recently been given to the use of phytochemicals to avoid major health problems. Research on pharmacological processes and the search for chemical structures of plant extracts with anticancer activities aroused interest. The Aim of work: This study was to assess the chemotherapeutic anti-tumor ability of Black cohosh extract against mammary carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice that was generated by the implantation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Materials and techniques: Black cohosh extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness against EAC by tracking tumor weight, volume, and occurrence. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the biochemical oxidative stress-related profile were studied, as were the antioxidants-related profile, which included the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, and CAT, as well as the hepatic and renal toxicity markers (creatinine, urea, and transaminases) and histopathological changes after treatment. The Results: The results showed that oxidative stress was reduced, antioxidant levels were raised, liver and kidney functions were restored, and tumor and neovascularization were inhibited. Conclusion: Based on all obtained data, our research suggests that treatment with Black cohosh extract offered robust antioxidant protection and chemotherapeutic efficacy against mammary tumors implanted with EAC.

Study the Potential Role of Black cohosh Extract on Cancer Treatment

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Issue 1, Volume 1 (2024)

Vol. 1 No. 1-2: Relationship between interleukin 6 and 8 with Semen characteristics in fertile patients

Al-Msaid, Hayder L.F.; Khalfa, Hydar Muhsin and Ali, Hasan Hadi

1,2 University of Kufa, Iraq

3 Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Iraq

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2024.0102

Abstract

Infertile males were tested for the presence of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, as well as lipid peroxidation in their sperm. A total of 75 infertile men, including 15 fertile men, were used as controls, with semen samples collected by masturbation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) production in the sperm membrane was used to assess the degree of lipid peroxidation in the membrane. Statistics were used to examine the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in seminal plasma and the lipid peroxidation levels in sperm membranes. There was a statistically significant difference in the concentration of IL-6 in the seminal plasma of infertile and fertile men (p 0.05) between the two groups. On the other hand, the concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the seminal plasma of infertile men was significantly higher than that of fertile men (p < 0.05), and the degree of lipid peroxidation in the seminal plasma of infertile men was significantly higher than that of fertile men (p < 0.05). In the seminal plasma, the levels of IL-6 and the process of sperm membrane lipid peroxidation were found to be positively correlated with each other (p < 0.05), while the levels of IL-8 in the seminal plasma and sperm membrane lipid peroxidation were found to be positively correlated with each other (p < 0.05). There seems to be a possible association between plasma IL-8, IL-6, sperm ranks, and sperm membrane lipid peroxidation based on these results.

Relationship between interleukin 6and 8 with Semen characteristics in fertile patients

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Issue 1, Volume 1 (2024)

Vol. 1 No. 1-1: The Role of Zinc in Treating Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Othman Ali1, Mahmoud el-rehany2, Mahmoud Fadl1

1Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El-Minya, Egypt.
2Biochemistry Dept, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61519 El-Minya, Egypt

DOI: 10.71428/BJBMB.2024.0101

Abstract

Chronic hyperglycemia status noticed in diabetes mellitus favors the manifestation of oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and/or by reducing the antioxidant defense system activity, some minerals are essential parts of some of the enzymes for their biological activities. Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic abnormality, minerals as such or as a component of enzymes may play a significant role in developing and controlling diabetes mellitus. Amongst minerals, zinc is involved in the development and control of diabetes mellitus. Zinc has been shown to have an antioxidant potential through the nonenzymatic stabilization of biomembrane and biostructures. A recent finding indicated that there is a direct relationship between low zinc levels, greater body fat content, and insulin resistance.

The Role of Zinc in Treating Diabetes MellitusThe Role of Zinc in Treating Diabetes Mellitus

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